Karma-Yoga Free Essay Example, 750 words

KARMA-YOGA Introduction Karma is action and Yoga is the means or the (Chinmayananda 3). Thus, Karma yoga is a spiritual practice in that actions gets used as the way of achieving either liberation or self-transformation by escaping from the impacts of actions. The action path proposed in Bhagavad-Gita teaches someone how to remain in the world, doing their duties and still get qualification for the spiritual life. It is in contrary to the common opinion that people should go to the forest, renounce their worldly belongings, away from the community like a cave and do meditation or tapas to achieve self-realization. According to Hindu, Karma operates both in a lifetime and across lifetimes; the actions results may only get experienced after the life in the present. Virtuous or good actions, harmony actions with dharma, will get good responses or reactions while bad actions, those that are against dharma will get the opposite consequences. Krishna explains that actions bind people to their subject and impact them to their karma. Though, it does not mean that non-action or inaction is a solution to karma problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Karma-Yoga or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It is clear that none of the actions, non-action, wrong action and right action, give individuals freedom by renouncing work or abstaining from work. It is because one cannot remain inactive as the gunas drive each one helplessly in performing actions physically and mentally. Right action is when one who know the truth about functions and qualities of their functions, understanding gunas as senses and tend to move between them as the sense-objects. A wrong action is when a person deluded by egoism describes the Self with the mind, body, the senses, and life-forces, ascribing to the Self every body’s attributes and the senses (Sargeant 5). The non-action refers to the men who practice the teachings constantly of teachings of Mine without caviling and with faith. Hence, they get freed from the actions. Krishna explains that the correct action according to Dharma gets understood as service to God and humanity. According Buddhist, Karma is the action that is driven by intentions that result in future consequences. The intentions get considered being the determining factor in rebirth kind, rebirth cycle. Finding the right action is done through right thinking, using individuals commonsense and the reason (Schouler & Anthony 4). People should follow the Sastras injunctions. Right actions are through wise reflection, moral living and meditation and their ability in acting from their intentions blossoms. In the case of wrong actions, it involves performing things with bad intentions. Thus, it is seen that according to Buddha, the actions get based on intentions and goals of certain performances. There is a distinction between an individual doing their duty and renouncing the world. Atman is the real self over ego or false self (Davis 10). Often, it is gets referred as soul or spirit and shows individuals true self or the essence that underlies our existence. There are several interesting self-perspectives in Hinduism that range from self as Gods eternal servant to the self-being known by God. The self-understanding as eternal does support the reincarnation idea in that similar eternal being may inhabit temporary bodies. The atman idea of people’s self as spiritual instated of being material emphasizes on renouncing the world and encourages practices like asceticism. Hence, it there may be a conclusion that in this world, the spiritual people have human experience instead of humans having spiritual experience as it when people do their duty. Buddha refers to people who practice karma-yoga as childish as they expect to have pleasure after lifetime according to their actions. The objective of mankind is knowledge, not pleasure. Buddha spread their ideology though they preached renunciation as the solution to the mankind miseries in their life. Buddha explains that it is childish to practice the Karma-Yoga as to reach God one need medium that is separate from their entity. He says that Dharma sustain the world through setting philosophies. Dharma has conduct codes though not universal (Singh 15). The codes differ from an individual to individual, from life to another and from karmic debts to other. Hence, there are no consequences of people actions in their life after death. Thus, this explains why Buddha termed people who practiced karma-yoga as childish. Hindu believes that Yoga practice help is reaching Brahm and the rest in bliss forever because there is no eternal heaven or hell in Sanatana Dharma. Thus, has no effec t on ones life after the current life their living. Dharma is not only on religious but also life sciences, technology, body, mind, the environment, and science. As a result, some of the knowledges contradicted the Krishnas teachings on yoga; thus, calling karma-yoga practitioners childish. WORK CITED Chinmayananda, S. Art of Man making, Chinmaya Publications. 2007. Davis, H. The "Bhagavad Gita": A Biography, Princeton University Press. 2014. Singh, R. Bhakti and philosophy, Lexington Books. 2006. Sargeant, W. The Bhagavad GÄ «tÄ : Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition, Albany: State University of New York Press. 2009. Schouler, K &Anthony, S. The Everything Hinduism Book: Learn the traditions and rituals of the "religion of peace", Adams Media. 2009.

Environmental Issues Of Climate Change - 899 Words

Climate change refers to any changes in climatic conditions, for example, temperature, precipitation and wind patterns, which last for at least great amount decades. Before the Industrial Revolution, which took a place in the mid-18th century, climate change was mostly because of natural reasons such as changes in the sun’s activity and volcanic eruption. nevertheless, recent climate change is extensively attributed to human activities, since the mid-20th century to change climate change worse. All of these are putting the lives facing the threaten and need to be dealt with as soon as possible. Any delay in dealing with today’s environmental topics will make the problems even more difficult take action,That is why environmental protection organization is utmost to concern the problem. In light of the serious problems, world leader was working closely and more environmentally-friendly future, by encouraging conservation, developing sources of renewable energy, formulatin g environmental policies, looking into the possibility new source energy to replace nuclear power to solve climate change. Therefore, i disagree with it is too late to alleviate climate change problem. The problem of climate change can be alleviated by three different levels, namely the individual level and the social level. Many people put forward the idea that individuals can do little to tackle the problem of climate change and consider that the planet is beyond repair. For a matter of fact academicsShow MoreRelatedClimate Change and Environmental Issues2661 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Issues Climate Change Introduction Is global warming due to human activity or not? Is there something societies around the world can do to halt the warming of the planet? What is the key to societies developing a sustainable world and how do environmental dynamics impact sustainability? These questions and others will be addressed from several perspectives in this paper. Is global warming due to human activities? The view of Scientists The most authoritative and objectiveRead MoreClimate Change Is An Environmental And Business Issue1454 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is an environmental and business issue that has gained more and more attention from society nowadays. The meaning of it seems to be not as easy as its name indicates which is merely a difference in climate. NASA (2011) reports, â€Å"Climate change, therefore, is a change in the typical or average weather of a region or city†¦ Climate change is also a change in Earth s overall climate. This could be a change in Earth s average temperature, for example.† Therefore, climate change in ourRead MoreEnvironmental And Humanitarian Issue Of Climate Change1727 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the clearest and foremost environmental and humanitarian issue the world faces today is climate change yet, you would almost not seem to know given the little attention major News Corporations, such as ABC, NBC, FOX, and CBS spend on addressing, or even ackno wledging for that matter, the issue. Just last year in 2015, all four of these major networks together spent a grand total of 146 minutes of airtime discussing climate change. To put that into perspective, all four of those major networksRead MoreClimate Change Is An Environmental And Business Issue2180 Words   |  9 PagesClimate change is an environmental and business issue that has gained more and more attention from society nowadays. The meaning of it seems to be not as easy as its name indicates which is merely a difference in climate. NASA (2011) reports, â€Å"Climate change, therefore, is a change in the typical or average weather of a region or city†¦ Climate change is also a change in Earth s overall climate. This could be a change in Earth s average temperature, for example.† Therefore, climate change in ourRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Facing Climate Change Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe challenges we face in our interactions with the environme nt. Climate change has become one of the most challenging global environmental issues facing humanity.. Urban households, industries and infrastructures are key sources of greenhouse gases. Urban areas concentrate populations, economic activities and built environments, thus increasing their risk from floods, heat waves, and other climate and weather hazards that climate change is expected to aggravate. Many of our urban centres are in theRead MoreGlobal Climate Change, Sustainable Development1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global Environmental Movement is one of the many (NGO’s) addressing international issues, mostly in developing countries, gathering and analyze technical information. Environmental issues have become a significant problem over the years, which raised concerns at the global and international levels, which provoke movements for environmental protection at the international level. From the early 1960s forward, concern about the global scopes of environmental h arm and the movement for internationalRead MoreClimate Change Is An Undeniable And Unavoidable Reality1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Climate change will force millions of people to flee their homes over the coming century† (Docherty Giannini et al. 2010). Global climate change has become an undeniable and unavoidable reality. In its latest assessment report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the international body that provides the most comprehensive reports dealing with the science of climate change, has established that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’. Additionally, it concludes thatRead MoreEnvironmental Case Analysis: the Risks of Global Climate Change1185 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Case Analysis: The Risks of Global Climate Change Introduction The natural world seems to be deteriorating around us, and it seems to be our fault. We are uncertain about the extent of the deterioration, the means that would reverse it, and the prospects for human life in the future (Newton, Dillingham, Choly, 2006, p. x). The environment and its protection is an extremely serious issue. Many environmental issues exist including endangered species, waste pollution, over populationRead MoreThe Critical Implications Of Climate Change For Business1034 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the critical implications of climate change for business? A business plays a heavy and critical role in the contribution to global climate change. Suzanne Goldberg (2013) reports that only 90 companies worldwide caused two-thirds of the man-made global warming emissions. Oil, coal and gas companies are the major players in the global climate change crisis of the 21st century (Goldberg 2013). Companies such as Chevron, Exxon and BP are three of the highest contributors of greenhouse gasRead MoreClimate Change and Public Policy Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasingly certain that climate change will have severe adverse effects on the environment in years to come. Addressing this issue poses a serious challenge for policy makers. How we choose to respond to the threat of global warming is not simply a political issue. It is also an economic issue and an ethical one. Responsible, effective climate change policy requires consideration of a number of complex factors, including weighing the costs of implementing climate change polic ies against the benefits

Critical Evaluation of Telstra Media Trust

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation of Telstra Media Trust. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the critical evaluation of a website i.e. Telstra Media and its URL is https://media.telstra.com.au/home.html. Most of the business organizations are running their businesses online through commercial websites and Telstra Media is one of those business organizations. This type of business websites are not easy to develop like a simple two or three pages website. Various essential features are required to enter into a business website according to users requirement and their convenience. To achieve this, different web tools, techniques, programming languages etc. are required to use by website developers. The look and feel, design, security, privacy, programming and overall structure are important factors of a website to attract new customers towards website from different locations. Therefore, in this report we will critical analyze all these factors of Telstra Media Website. Our critique will be supported by HCI design and principles. The main discussing fact ors regarding evaluation of Telstra Media are proper clarification of its main feature or features of website, positive and negative aspects of this website and recommendations for improving website. The major objectives to perform this critical evaluation is to identify reliability and usability of this website that attracting customers. Besides this, it is also necessary to identify that this website has made according HCI design principles and guidelines or not. In this segment of report, we will do detail discussion on above mentioned concepts that are required for critical evaluation of Tesla Media Website. Overview and Description of Tesla Media Website Telstra Corporation Limited or Telstra is a largest telecommunications and media company in Australia that builds and operates telecommunications networks and markets voice, internet access, mobile and other products and services of entertainment. To provide its services and products to its potential customers, company uses its website and running online business through this website for last many years. Through this website company has been providing satisfactory services and products to its customers worldwide. On Telstra Media website, we got different plans for Wi-Fi data in Australia with Telstra Air, it is a SIM provided by Telstra Media Company (H. and Lifestyle, 2017). This type of various other telecommunication services are provided by Telstra on its website. On Telstra Media Website, all essential services such as pre-paid mobiles, tablets, mobile broadband, TV Movies Music, websites ecommerce, cloud, customer contacts etc., are divided into personal, small business and business and enterprise. Besides this, Telstra Media website also provide different solutions for Data IP, Broadband Voice, Mobility and Facilities Access. With this information about new offers and deals regarding services and products of Telstra, some feature links of Telstra Wholesale and Global Enterprise Services, terms of use, privacy and critical information summaries are also given that can be accessed by users to collect important information about terms and conditions and privacy policy of company. Main Features of Website While analyzing Telstra Media Website, we have some main features of this website that enhance its usability, reliability and flexibility. Those features are listed as below: Most of the information is provided with appropriate images and links that are helpful for new users to understand about particular products and services. All essential links are provided at top of website with proper labels and these links are quick to access. The organized way to display different categories of Telstra communication, wholesale and other services is used by developers. Advanced search, quick contact and support are also main features of Telstra Media Website (Telstra.com.au, 2017). Positive and Negative aspects of Website After discussing about main features of website, now we will emphasize on positive and negative aspects of website. In our reviews, positive aspect of website is its easier way to display essential information, its advanced search and direct access to products and services of different categories such as small business, health and sport and entertainment etc. and other quick links such as contact us, billing, support etc. As we can see in following image (Gelb, 2017): Besides positive aspects of website, there are also some negative aspects of Telstra Media Website. The major negative aspect of this website is improper presentation of information about any service or product. When a user first time comes on website then everything at home page looks confusing. As we can see home page in below image: From above image, it is difficult for a new user to understand what kinds of products and services are provided by company. Besides this, there are also some webpages where improper linking is found. This can be seen in below image of a webpage. As we can see in above image, there is no linking on image of SIM which is actually required. This image is most highlighted area at webpage, so it should be clickable. But if user does not find it clickable then he will try Find out more option. Therefore, these negative points should be eliminated from website and every title and image should be linked. Besides this, at some places, less information is provided regarding a particular service or product. Due to this, it will be difficult for customers to get required information regarding a product or service. Another negative point of Telstra Media website is its color scheme which is dull and less attractive. The color scheme of white, grey and sky blue does not look so good in this website. It must also be changed. Feedback of Participants regarding Website In this critical analysis of Telstra website I have also included my two friends to get their feedback regarding website, its features and its functionalities. My friend is female and she is 30 years old. She is senior web developer in a company. My other friend is male and he is 33 years old and he is system analyst. Both have analyzed this website properly and they have given their feedback as below (Designprinciplesftw.com, 2017): According to my male friend who is system analyst, this website is not so much user friendly and bit confusing to find out information regarding main products and services. According to other friend of mine who is web developer herself said that it is fine website but with some small deficiencies ( kissmetrics.com, 2017). After clicking at every link a new page is opened with different color scheme and due to this it is difficult to track that where we are now. This can be bad experience for customers who will visit this website. These are some essential views of my friends regarding this website and these are not so much different from my views about this website. But they also say that with some improvements and modifications, this website will become better in look and feel. It is rather good in functionality than its design. Recommendations for Improvement of Website As we have discussed above both positive and negative aspects of website and from above discussion it is cleared that in functionality of website is good, but there is problem in its design, user interaction and look and feel. These negative features should be resolved at developers end. Following recommendations can help to resolve these issues (Desailly, 2017). First of all, developers of website should change color scheme of this website and it should be bit dark in color scheme (Trenchard-Seys, 2017). The proper checking of images and headings is required to know that these are hyperlinked properly with appropriate webpage or not. The hyperlinking should be done according to convenience of customers, so that they can navigate properly. The sufficient information should be given at every webpage according to particular products and services. Less and non-specific information on every webpage may lose interest of customers (Zeepedia.com, 2017). The periodic testing of website is required by developers and on the behalf of testing outcomes, appropriate action should be taken. It is an effective way to improve website look and feel and its functionalities (Interactive, 2017). These above discussed recommendations will help Telstra Company to improve its websites features. In above discussion we have discussed about most essential features of Telstra Media website that enhance performance of this website and also emphasized on negative aspects of this website. This evaluation is helpful to measure overall performance of Telstra Media website. Relevance of Principles of HCI The measurement of a websites design is done on the behalf of principles of HCI. These principles are commonly known as HCI principles of design (Interactive, 2017). Here HCI stands for Human Computer Interaction design principles that must be followed in every design of website. The common principles of HCI are listed as below (Nngroup.com, 2017): Visibility Can I See It? Feedback- What is it doing now? Affordance How can I use it? Mapping- Where am I and where can I go? Constraint Why cant I do that? Consistency- I think I have already seen this? If we talk about Telstra Media website, then we can say that HCI design principles are used in following ways: Visibility: At Telstra website, all links are not positioned appropriately at all web pages. Some links are difficult to find due to small size (Hosack, 2017). Feedback: At Telstra website, contact forms are given for taking feedback and through this, users can give their feedbacks regarding performance and improvement of website. Affordance: The link for support provides help to websites users that how different options can be used according to requirement. Mapping: The navigation bar of Telstra website is fine and users can easily navigate from one webpage to other. Constraint: The main constraints on this website are validations on input fields of login and contact forms. When user try to violate these constraints then it gives message why user cannot do this. Consistency: The functions of website are easier to use and understand. There are some operations with similar functionality such as in login form and contact form, user have to fill mandatory fields and then form will be submitted further. Therefore we can say that most of HCI design principles are followed by Telstra Media Website to provide easy access to its users, but problem of visibility is required to resolve. Conclusion After this critical analysis about Telstra Media website we can say that in case of functionality, security and privacy website is maintained appropriately by developers. But above discussed small deficiencies of this website may lead to big problems. Therefore, for developers of this website, it is necessary to be careful about these issues. The periodic maintenance of website according to feedback of customers should be done. It will help to improve overall performance of website. References Lifestyle, T. (2017). Telstra Media - Video, Sport, Music and Entertainment. [online] Media.telstra.com.au. Available at: https://media.telstra.com.au/home.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Telstra.com.au. (2017). Telstra Business Enterprise - Mobility, Cloud Consulting, Networks. [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/business-enterprise#top [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Gelb, (2017). Design Principles. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/gelvan/design-principles [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Designprinciplesftw.com. (2017). Shneiderman's "Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design" | Design Principles FTW. [online] Available at: https://www.designprinciplesftw.com/collections/shneidermans-eight-golden-rules-of-interface-design [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Nngroup.com. (2017). User Interface Principles Every Designer Must Know | NN/g UX Training. [online] Available at: https://www.nngroup.com/courses/hci/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Trenchard-Seys, P. (2017). 11 Principles of Interaction Design explained. [online] Paul Trenchard-Seys / the Short Bored Surfer. Available at: https://shortboredsurfer.com/2010/08/13/11-principles-of-interaction-design-explained/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Zeepedia.com. (2017). Design Principles: Human Computer Interaction Computer Science. [online] Available at: https://www.zeepedia.com/read.php?design_principles__human_computer_interactionb=11c=12 [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Interactive, C. (2017). 8 Simple Ways to Improve your Website Security. [online] Commonplaces.com. Available at: https://www.commonplaces.com/blog/8-simple-ways-to-improve-your-website-security/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Blog. kissmetrics.com, (2017). Improving Security and Trust on Your Website. [online] Available at: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/improving-security-and-trust-on-your-website/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Desailly, K. (2017). 10 Tips to Improve Your Website Security. [online] Sucuri Blog. Available at: https://blog.sucuri.net/2015/06/10-tips-to-improve-your-website-security.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Shopify's Ecommerce Blog - Ecommerce News, Online Store Tips More. (2017). 5 Ways to Improve Online Security and Protect Customer Data Shopify. [online] Available at: https://www.shopify.in/blog/76002693-5-ways-to-improve-online-security-and-protect-customer-data [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Hosack, B. (2017). 11 Steps to Improve your Website Security. [online] Foregenix.com. Available at: https://www.foregenix.com/blog/11-steps-to-improve-your-website-security [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Interactive, C. (2017). 8 Simple Ways to Improve your Website Security. [online] Commonplaces.com. Available at: https://www.commonplaces.com/blog/8-simple-ways-to-improve-your-website-security/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Asktog.com. (2017). Principles of HCI Design | askTog. [online] Available at: https://asktog.com/atc/category/human-computer-interaction-hci/hci-design/principles-of-hci-design/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017].

Effective Corporate Financial Management

Queston: Discuss about the Effective Corporate Financial Management. Answer: Introduction: The companies act is anticipated to create an impact on the wide range of areas such as financial reporting, corporate governance, maintaining the structure of the company, recruitment and rotation of auditors, chief financial officers and directors to look after for the mergers and acquisition etc. The financial proposal of this act inflicts an additional responsibility on the chief financial officers. The chief financial officers are statically concerned with the bulk of provision relating to the delegator powers. The principle objective of the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation is to enhance the corporate governance framework in the country. Accounting and financial reporting changes: Preparation of consolidated financial statement: The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is responsible for mandatory preparation of the consolidated financial statement for the organisation along with its subsidiaries. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation ensures that the subsidiaries are prepared in distinct financial statements and are required to be prepared in the same prescribed format as the separate financial statements (www.telstra.com.au 2016). It is worth mentioning that the chief financial officers does not go as far as to dislocate the primacy of the distinct financial statement, however, the acknowledges the relevance of the consolidated financial statement by analysing the performance of Telstra Corporation. Use of securities premium: The companies act has put up the restrictions on the use of securities premium because the financial statements must comply with the accounting standard prescribed under the Companies Act. The chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation restricts the use of securities premium only on the grounds that the equity bonus are entirely paid up and the expenses incurred pertaining to the issue of equity shares are written off (Brealey et al. 2012). The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation ensures that the securities premium account are adjusted with the redemption premium including debentures, preference shares, foreign currency convertible bonds. Depreciation requirements: The companies act has defined the useful life of non-assets under schedule II of the act. The chief financial officers have the obligations of ascertaining the cost of asset along with the useful life. The chief officers ensures that the useful part of an non-current assets is determined separately for depreciation by using the theory of components accounting which forms an indispensible part of the Telstra Corporation capital intensive requirement (www.telstra.com.au 2016). The Chief financial officer also ensures that amortisation of non-current assets should be governed by notifying under the schedule XIV of the companies act. The chief financial officer carefully evaluates the depreciation rates in order to determine the future profitability of Telstra Corporation. Changes in corporate governance framework: Independent directors: The chief financial officers also ensures that requirement of the independent directors for both its main and subsidiaries company are listed under the public companies with exact prescribed numbers (Chiu 2016). It is noteworthy to denote that Telstra Corporation compositions of board of directors are more complex with additional restrictions is being imposed on the appointment of independent directors as nominee directors of Telstra Corporation is no more considered as the independent directors. Providing non-auditing services: The duty of the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation is providing non-auditing services like internal audit investment, strategies for investment services, advisory services etc. Hence, it is worth mentioning that such services cannot be rendered by the auditing firm either directly or indirectly to its parent body or in subsidiaries for ensuring that the compliance requirement of accounting policies are met in the organisation. Thus, the companies act has laid down in its policies that all non-auditing services should be completed prior to the first year of enactment (McKinney 2015). Implementing new guidelines on auditors rotations and eligibility: Meeting improved reporting requirements: The responsibility of the chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is under the obligation of providing enhanced reporting concerning the matters related to the surveillance of the monetary transactions. The financial officer ensures that any transactions should not have any unfavourable impact on the operational functionality of the organisations (www.telstra.com.au 2016). The chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation ensures that it any auditor is not appointed for a term not exceeding five years for more than two consecutive period. Since Telstra Corporation, being a listed company is in accordance with this requirement. Creation of board of committees: The chief financial officers should ensure that an audit committee should be set up with majority of the independent directors. The role of chief financial officers should ensure that the audit committee is assigned with the roles that are well enhanced with the specific responsibilities (Hiebl 2015). The chief financial officer ensures that the audit committee should be able to read and comprehend the monetary statement. Managing business operations: It is noteworthy to denote that the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation play an important role in the expansion and development of operational strategies. The chief financial officer undertakes an active part in the operational strategies relating to the business enterprise. On the other hand, the chief financial officer is solely responsible for Telstra Corporation business management and plays multiple role in the building the global reputation of the organisation. One of the common phenomenons of the current business world is outsourcing the activities to prevent the financial resources from being wasted and simultaneously maintaining the reputation and goodwill of the organisation in the international market. The transactional processing systems play a huge role in the maintenance of the authenticity and transparency at the time of recording the monetary transactions of Telstra Corporation (www.telstra.com.au 2016). Duties defined under the articles of company: The chief financial officer must act in accordance with the duties defined under the articles of the company. It is responsibility of the chief financial officer to promote the objectives of Telstra Corporation in order to attain the objectives of the organisation for general benefits of its overall members (Ebert and Griffin 2015). The chief financial officer is under the obligations of protecting the interest of the shareholders, the community and its customers. The chief financial officer should exercise his duties with due diligence and care by exercising reasonable judgements. The chief financial officer of Tesla hardly gets indulged in those situations which may create either direct or indirect conflict of interest which might potentially conflict the interest of Telstra Corporation. Managing business risks: Chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is entirely responsible for the execution of the risk administration process of the organisation as a whole comprising of its parents body or its subsidiaries. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation identifies risk as the external and internal market threats concerning the operational functions of the organisations (Cole et al. 2016). The chief financial officer also covers the large areas of risk associated with the financial, economical and management policies in regard to the business entity. Therefore the chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation must have the authority to understand and analyse the market the threat by undertaking suitable steps to look beyond internal and external environment. Conducting transactions with directors and other related business parties: Transactions with directors: The chief financial officer ensures that the loans, which are made to the managing directors or a whole time directors, is given out as the part of services for the company. Such services should be approved by passing of the special resolution after attaining the approval in the general meeting of the company. It should be noted that Telstra Corporation provides loan to loans and guarantees in the form of securities connected with the loans in the ordinary course of business (Hoitash et al. 2016). The companies act states that the chief financial officer should impose restrictions on the on the managing directors by issuing instructions for lending money. It is the duty of the chief financial officer to maintain the non-cash transactions concerning the board of directors by attaining the prior approval of the company as whole in a general meeting. Simplified method of Mergers and acquisition: The chief financial officer ensures that all the investment which are permitted for acquisitions of a company is originally used in the business. This includes acquisition of shares, redemption of debentures and other important securities. On complying with the standard procedure issued under the act has a significant amount of impact on the ability of Telstra Corporation to raise funds (Chiu 2016). The chief financial officer ensures that the current structure of company legal framework comply with the above stated requirements. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation also ensures that group restructuring activities are undertaken to meet the immediate future needs of the organisation as a whole. Mergers with unlisted companies: Telstra Corporation is currently looking forward to permits the chief financial officer with the merger depending upon the factors where the shareholding company decides to opt out. The chief financial officer makes certain the prices of the mergers are always listed with the unlisted company of the who are deciding to opt out of the agreements. Therefore, the chief financial officer ensures that all the statutory requirements concerning the use of financial statement shall be notified under the accounting standard board. The chief financial officer also ensures that the buyback is shares are authorised by the board of directors to look in to the special resolution for Telstra Corporation (www.telstra.com.au 2016). Efficient market hypothesis: The efficient market hypothesis can be defined as the market theory, which states that it is impossible to make profit under a vulnerable market environment reflecting an inconsistency in the stock market. Hence, investors selling stock at a lower value than the fair market price will not be able to generate the desired amount of profit. The only method that is left behind to generate the desired amount of profit is by investing in those stocks, which possess high market risks. Thus, the objective of the efficient hypothesis is to enable the investors to make delicate investment decision relating to the investment policies. It is worth mentioning the pension investment managers in framing a profitable investment schemes for retired pensioners shall put that efficient hypothesis into the use. Curry and Schorer (2016) mentioned that pension fund administrator is one who has the ultimate power and authority to manage pension in their control. Therefore, pension fund managers play a vital role in increasing the pension fund, which has the possibility to create an impact on the operational functions of business. According to Cole et al. (2016) the pension fund manager of the business assist the business in the process of mobilization of funds in regard to the business organisations. Below listed are the important responsibilities relating to the pension fund manager. Establishing key pension policies and benefits: As stated by Ebert and Griffin (2015) the pension fund manager is under the obligations of developing the pension policies, which can yield desired benefits for the retired personnel in the company. The ultimate responsibility of the pension fund manager is to mobilise the investment and the savings relating to the business expansion. Implementation of pension fund strategy: It should be noted that the pension fund strategy need to be carefully reviewed before being implemented. This involves discussions and evaluations as per the goals and objectives set by the organisations. As stated by Lasher 2013) pension fund strategy should be implemented after taking into the consideration the inherent financial strength of the personnel along with the ability to save for desired investment under a given period of time. Pension schemes: It is the duty of the pension scheme manager to efficiently operate and manage the functioning of the organisations so that the performance standards and the anticipations of the organisations are well met. The pension scheme should be developed in considerations with factors like savings and cutting down the unnecessary expenses of the business monthly. Thus, managing the pension scheme is one of the main duties of the pension scheme manager. Operating updated reports: The pension fund manager has the obligations to report the trustees regarding the intrinsic details of business concerning pension fund. As stated by Sheng (2015) the updated report shall be presented quarterly or in a half-yearly basis. Thus, this can be said that both the pensioners as well as the chief financial officers play an important role in the development of investment and financial strategies relating to a business organisation. Such policies and measures help the business in achieving the financial strategies of the business entity. Reference List: Becker, B. and Strmberg, P., 2012. Fiduciary duties and equity-debtholder conflicts.Review of Financial Studies,25(6), pp.1931-1969. Bedard, J.C., Hoitash, R. and Hoitash, U., 2014. Chief financial officers as inside directors.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(3), pp.787-817. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P., 2012. Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Cheng, M.M., Tan, H.T., Trotman, K.T. and Tse, A., 2016. The Impact of the Timing of a Prior Year's Auditor Concessions on Financial Officers' Judgments.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Chiu, I.H., 2016. Comparing Directors Duties in the Financial Services Sector with Regulatory Duties under the Senior Persons Regime-Some Critical Observations.European Business Law Review,27(2), pp.261-283. Chiu, I.H., 2016. Regulatory Duties for Directors in the Financial Services Sector and Directors Duties in Company Law-Bifurcation and Interfaces.Journal of Business Law. Cole, S., Kanz, M. and Klapper, L., 2016. Improving Financial Access for Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries.Policy,2011. Curry, D.S. and Schorer, J.U., 2016. The Effects of Business Insolvency on the Duties and Liabilities of Directors and OfficersA Comparative Analysis With Recommendations to Promote Good DecisionMaking. InGlobal Insolvency and Bankruptcy Practice for Sustainable Economic Development(pp. 168-218). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ebert, R.J. and Griffin, R.W., 2015. Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Hiebl, M.R., 2015. Agency and stewardship attitudes of chief financial officers in private companies.Qualitative Research in Financial Markets,7(1), pp.4-23. Hoitash, R., Hoitash, U. and Kurt, A.C., 2016. Do accountants make better chief financial officers?.Journal of Accounting and Economics,61(2), pp.414-432. https://www.telstra.com.au/, h. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Lasher, W.R., 2013. Practical financial management. Nelson Education. McKinney, J.B., 2015.Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies. ABC-CLIO. Ojo, A.O., 2016. Corporate governance and risk management in the financial industry: changes after the global financial crisis. Shaw, S.J., 2015.Financial and Administrative Organization and Development. Princeton University Press. Sheng, L., 2015. Study on the Financial Integration after the Merger and Acquisition.