s Foriegn Policy

Nixon’s Foreign Policy Richard Milhous Nixon was elected President of the United States in 1968. In a low-key campaign, Nixon promised to bring peace with honor in Vietnam and to unite a nation deeply divided by the Vietnam War. Nixon defeated his two opponents, Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace. Nixon entered office in the midst of one of the gravest foreign policy crisis in American history. The Cold War was at its height, hundreds of thousands of American troops were in Vietnam, and the views of society were split down the middle. Nixon with the help of his National Security Advisor (and later became in 1973 Nixon’s Secretary of State) Henry Kissinger felt that it was crucial to change American foreign policy. Nixon and Kissinger felt it was vital to support our interest in the long run, Nixon and Kissinger considered it essential to have a balance of power throughout the world in order to ensure peace as well prosperity. One has to take into consideration geopolitics when discussing balance of power. The main purpose is stability by using different political philosophies based on geography, and self interest. If the main powers pursued their self interest rationally and predictably, and equilibrium would emerge from the conflicting interest (Cowan, par.1). Nixon knew that a strong America was essential to a global balance, and counted on stability to create it. Nixon believed there were three key factors essential to keeping peace: partnership, strength and a willingness to negotiate. Nixon imagined a future in which more pleasant relations among the major powers- the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Western Europe, and Japan- would allow for ventures profitable to all. Through international cooperation these nations might reduce revenue-draining Defense expenditures and prevent the occurrence of costly Third World conflicts such as the Vietnam War (â€Å"Nixon†). Nix... 's Foriegn Policy Free Essays on Nixon\'s Foriegn Policy Nixon’s Foreign Policy Richard Milhous Nixon was elected President of the United States in 1968. In a low-key campaign, Nixon promised to bring peace with honor in Vietnam and to unite a nation deeply divided by the Vietnam War. Nixon defeated his two opponents, Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace. Nixon entered office in the midst of one of the gravest foreign policy crisis in American history. The Cold War was at its height, hundreds of thousands of American troops were in Vietnam, and the views of society were split down the middle. Nixon with the help of his National Security Advisor (and later became in 1973 Nixon’s Secretary of State) Henry Kissinger felt that it was crucial to change American foreign policy. Nixon and Kissinger felt it was vital to support our interest in the long run, Nixon and Kissinger considered it essential to have a balance of power throughout the world in order to ensure peace as well prosperity. One has to take into consideration geopolitics when discussing balance of power. The main purpose is stability by using different political philosophies based on geography, and self interest. If the main powers pursued their self interest rationally and predictably, and equilibrium would emerge from the conflicting interest (Cowan, par.1). Nixon knew that a strong America was essential to a global balance, and counted on stability to create it. Nixon believed there were three key factors essential to keeping peace: partnership, strength and a willingness to negotiate. Nixon imagined a future in which more pleasant relations among the major powers- the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Western Europe, and Japan- would allow for ventures profitable to all. Through international cooperation these nations might reduce revenue-draining Defense expenditures and prevent the occurrence of costly Third World conflicts such as the Vietnam War (â€Å"Nixon†). Nix...

Memory Memory and Long Term Memory Essay

Memory Memory and Long Term Memory Essay Memory: Memory and Long Term Memory Essay 49692402 – Psychology Memory is a fragile process. Examine this statement with reference to psychological theory. There are many definitions of memory but the basic function is to retain and recall information. Psychologists have realised that memory is a major component in order to get by, not only to succeed in an academic or career orientated world but generally within life. Memory surrounds us in the form of birthdays, appointments, song lyrics, exams and even finding your way home. All that said memory is not as simple as it seems, there are many sub groups within the main functioning’s of memory. And ongoing debates and theories into the complexes of what is reliable and what is not. Through a minority of these theories I hope to convey the fragility of memory. The basics of memory begin with encoding, storage and retrieval. Laying down memories, attempting to store them and then retrieving them at a time of need. The issues here lay within retrieval; although moments in life are memories in one point in time, they still can and will be lost. The question is, are they lost forever? Or are they lost within the subconscious, in the mind, but currently inaccessible. Another case is that the memory could not have been stored significantly into the short term memory, meaning it would never enter the long term memory for retrieval at a later date. Short term memory is known only to store information up to a maximum period of 30 minutes. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) came up with a model that suggested memory is made up of a series of stores, sensory, short term and long term. (Mcleod, S. 2010) They suggest that in order to recall a memory it must be rehearsed, rehearsed enough that it will follow through to long term memory. An example of this could be hidden within music, if you’ve heard a song multiple times, you know all the words, could recite it given the chance then this is long term memory, although unknowingly rehearsing the words of a song it is now within your long term memory. Although have your ever come across a song you know all the words but not the title/song writer? Then this is short term, you are bound to have heard it at some point in time although not enough to rehearse, meaning it was within your short term memory and most likely decayed or displaced. The displacement theory suggests that information picked up from the sensory memory could be displaced between STM and LTM. Waugh and Norman (1965) state that there are seven slots of memory that can be filled, once that’s the case original information will be displaced by new and incoming information. Waugh and Norman did a lab experiment in order to test their theory; they gave participants a list of 16 digits and asked them to recall them at different intervals. The results show that 20% of participants could recall from the beginning of the list and 80% from the end of the list. Therefore proving there is a capacity to the intake of information individuals can take in before it is displaced with new information. As a result people generally seem to remember the last few digits and some of the first, with very few ever recognising the middle section, this is because long term memory stores the first set of digits with short term memory storing the last, there is no appropri ate level of memory suited to remember the middle section. This proves how delicate the processes of memory is, that although long term memory has the capacity to store billions of thoughts, in the short term we can only take in a certain amount of information. Almost as if memory acts as a filtering system of the mind, that it filters out the memories of misuse, only to allow specifically significant memories to pass through to the long term memory. Another theory is that over time memories will decay, in other words fade or deteriorate as time passes. Therefore proving difficult to retrieve the information/memories in the future. As a student of criminology the

Researchers View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Researchers View - Essay Example They include advocacy, constructivism, pragmatism, and post-positivism. The purpose of this paper is to assess a researchers’ world view and explain how it influences the approach to research. Makoe, Richardson, and Prince (2008) represent the post-positivism philosophical world view. Post-positivism world view, also known as the scientific method of research deals with reduction research i.e. it reduces ideas into small variables that are used to test the theory and the sample subject. This world view is used to generalize population through qualitative research using a large number of samples. Thus, the research done by Makoe, Richardson, and Prince (2008) used qualitative research to find out the conceptions of adult students embarking on distance education. One assumptions of post-positivism stated by Creswell (2009) are that knowledge is conjectural. This means that the truth can never be found in research, and that is why researchers nullify the hypothesis. For instance according to Makoe, Richardson, and Prince (2008), there is no consensus about how the conceptions of learning can be characterized and whether they constitute a developmental hierarchy. Another assumption according to Creswell (2009) is that data, evidence and rational considerations shape knowledge. This means that the researcher collects the information based on observations or from questionnaires filled by the participants. From the article, researchers collected data using a 60-item questionnaire which were mailed to students taking preparatory courses by distance learning. According to Creswell (2009) in quantitative method of research, researchers reduce ideas into small variables, which they use to formulate questions and hypothesis. In Makoe, Richardson, and Prince (2008), researchers used the information they collected to come up with a hypothesis that all adult learners taking long distance education hold distinctive conceptions of learning; hence they